How to check DHCP leases status on cisco CCM 6x

Cisco CCM 5/6/7x still have built-in DHCP server.

Cisco call manager : Obviously, this is a big enterprise level IPTELEPHONY product which really “WORKS”. No product is perfect as every product has its cavete and room for improvement.

One of the issue I came across was the issue with “How to check” what address is allocated to which IP phone.
It was long due in my TODO list but I have been flat out recently at work and didn’t have time to do blog:

Today I just got home and as usual I  was checking my personal email and found an email message from a guy who came through google and hit my  blog asking for the same thing
Thanks Leonardo for reminding this.

After reading above request, I decided to flock through the CCM and cross this off my “todo list”

In the past, so far I have done 12-16 call manages 5/6x installation but most of the customer were using their dedicated DHCP and a few of them were using Call manager’s built-in DHCP server. Back to CCM 4x days, Cisco used to use Microsoft DHCP server (WIN3k or WIN2k) which was full flag and can tell who have what Address at any given time.

In CCM 5/6/7x there is no easy way to check the DHCP lease(es) allocated to IP phones by the DHCP server.

CCM new boxes are Linux based and the DHCP server implementation is also opensources software.

It’s basically opensource DHCPD daemon (/etc/dhcpd.conf style) which is good and stable but what a shame, this BIG commercial product and it doesn’t give us a GUI or CLI interface to see what address are leased!
I believe Cisco will give it a go and improve it in the future.

For the time being, here is my workaround to find out the leases (not easy method though as i said above).

There is also some other method to know the status of DHCP leases in cisco CCM DHCP server

Basic information can be collected via SNMP or Syslog server:
- CCM sends DHCP alarm/trap alerts to a SNMP platfarm (HPopenview, Ciscoworks etc)
- CCM also sends same alarms/alerts to a preconfigured Syslog server.

Above information are very basic and that still doesnt’ really tells the status of the leases. Its noticeble and I have observed that the SNMP/SYSLOG alert only triggers  when there is something reallly wrong with DHCPD. For example DHCP pool gets full or there are no IP addresses to allocate to DHCP clients.

Above methods are useless as nobody will wait when there is really problem. Everyone want to see the leases when they want and when they feel. Just think about  stressing alert telling “Hey bobby the DHCP server has no IP address”
was sent to you when you were in a night club.

Another way to see the lease alerts could be RTMT tool. but it still doesn’t do the good job. My method 100% shows DHCP leases. Its a bit hard work but really works.

Here is my method which really works, just need to get the root access to the box. To get access to root shell you have 2 ways:

1. Create a remote account from “disk recovery” menu and ask TAC to provide you password.

2. Risky method: the following steps detail the process on how GRUB is reinstalled on the master boot record:

• Boot the system from an installation boot medium.
• Type linux rescue at the installation boot prompt to enter the rescue environment.
• Type chroot /mnt/sysimage to mount the root partition.
• Then create username as u create in regular LINUX. ‘useradd’ passwd
• edit /etc/passwd file and set created users userID and GUID to 0:0
• note: 0:0 is for root
• after that u can simply ssh it using putty.exe or ssh user@ipaddresofccm

Once you got access to CCM root have a look at this file:

cat /etc/dhcp3/dhcp.conf <———-this is the main DHCPD config file

Here in that file you will not see anything about where lease file will be pointing to. This is by default pointed to

Now create a file which is visible through the operating system CLI (damn CLI).

type touch /common/download/dhcpleases.hehe

now link default dhcpleases.hehe file to dhcpd.lease file which is in /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases. /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases is the default file where DHCPD daemon writes all leaes status.

alternately if you are conforteble with Linux u can just simply do this:

Edit the /etc/dhcpd.conf file and just add this line:

lease-file-name “/common/download/dhcpd.leases”

Restart the DHCP daemonn by issueing ’service dhcpd restart or service dhcp3-server restart’

It will write all status of dhcp leases to /common/download/dhcp.leases file.

Now jump on your CCM friendly (heydid i say friendly?) GUI and download the dhcpdlease.hehe file and u can see who have what leases. So thats all about it.

Those brainless programmers did not think about doing this little job from Administrator point of view. I know there is a RTMT tool but it would be nice to see it somewhere on the GUI.

Another tip on DHCP server:
—————————————–

How to make sure that whatever is configured via CCM GUI under DHCP server is 100% correct and working?
Yes you can confirm this using SQL query commands:

STEP#1: Login using ssh to the CCM server

STEP#2:
- To check DHCP servers: issue “run sql select * from dhcpserver”

- To check DHCP scopes: issue “run sql select * from dhcpsubnet”

Good luck and happy learning…

PS: if you found this article useful, don’t forget to send me a postcard!! hehe..

CCIE voice#21569

Recovering CCM Administrator and Security Passwords

This section replaces the section Recovering the Administrator Password in the “Log In to Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration” chapter” of the Cisco Unified Communications Operating System Administration Guide for releases 5.0(4), 5.1(1), 6.0(1), and 6.1(1a).

If you lose the administrator password or security password, use the following procedure to reset these passwords.

Note During this procedure, you must remove and then insert a valid CD or DVD in the disk drive to prove that you have physical access to the system. He he .. you must walk to the Server room or a datacenter to do this. Use KVM switch or similar thing to access VGA of CM.

Procedure

Step 1 Log in to the system with the following username and password:

•Username: pwrecovery

•Password: pwreset

The Welcome to platform password reset window displays.

Step 2 Press any key to continue.

Step 3 If you have a CD or DVD in the disk drive, remove it now.

Step 4 To continue, press any key.

The system tests to ensure that you have removed the CD or DVD from the disk drive.

Step 5 Insert a valid CD or DVD into the disk drive.

The system tests to ensure that you have inserted the disk.

Step 6 After the system verifies that you have inserted the disk, you get prompted to enter one of the following options to continue:

•To reset the administrator password, enter a.

•To reset the security password, enter s.

•To quit, enter q.

Step 7 Enter a new password of the type that you chose.

Step 8 Reenter the new password.

The password must contain at least 6 characters. The system checks the new password for strength. If the password does not pass the strength check, you get prompted to enter a new password.

Step 9 After the system verifies the strength of the new password, the password gets reset, and you get prompted to press any key to exit the password reset utility.

Caution The security password on all nodes in a cluster must match. Change the security password on all machines, or the cluster nodes will not communicate.

Software Feature License Information Omitted from

[root@ccm5 bin]#
[root@ccm5 bin]# pwd
/usr/local/platform/bin
[root@ccm5 bin]#

[root@ccm5 bin]# ./pwreset

********************************************************
********************************************************
**                                                    **
**   Welcome to Platform password reset               **
**   Admin and Security password reset are possible   **
**                                                    **
********************************************************
********************************************************

You will be required to remove, then insert any valid CD/DVD media
in order to prove you have physical access to the system.

To begin you will need to remove any media from the CD/DVD drive.
You may press Control-C at any time to abort.

Remove any media from the CD/DVD drive and press any key when ready…
testing for removal of CD/DVD media
Please insert any valid CD/DVD media.
Press any key when ready…

You must insert the CD/DVD media to continue
Press any key when ready…

Thank you, you may now proceed with Platform password reset.

Enter a for admin password reset.
Enter s for security password reset.
Enter q to Quit.

Source: www.cisco.com

no! not possible – its very secure appliance!

http://www.hackingalert.com/hacking-articles/hacking-tools.php

One of the our customer was upgrading his CCM from 5 to  6 but wanted a fresh install of CCM6.x music on hold server (MOH). He installed CCM6 but didn’t have any clue of how to download the MOH file from the older server and put in the new server.

Therefore, he called the EXPERT [of courese me] for help. I never did this in the past so, I had to dig through google and fouund the solution for him and that really worked. I thot this will be helpful to the folks who are looking for downloading a moh file from ccm5/6/7 servers.

Its as easy as drinking a beer in a BAR.

Step#1: SSH to CCM 5/6/7x publisher

Unfortunately, there is no way we can pull moh file via GUI interface. The only way I know is via CLI.

You can use putty.exe if you are a windows  fane or I use ubuntu so i just open a terminal windows and simply use ’ssh root@ccmip’ to log into call manager publisher. After ssh you will get a prompt similar below:

admin:

Step#2  Setup a FTP server to put  file from moh server to a ftp server.

Setup a SFTP server. I use SSHD as a SFTP server. For windows you can download filezilla sftp server from below url:http://filezilla-project.org/

Create a username and password in sftp. We will use this username and password in step #$

Step#3  List MOH related filesin the call manager

Use a command called “file list activelog mohprep/*” to list all moh files in the mohprep directory.
You will see output similar to below:
admin:file list activelog mohprep/* ← note * means all files
SampleAudioSource.alaw.wav

SampleAudioSource.g729.wav

SampleAudioSource.ulaw.wav

SampleAudioSource.wb.wav

SampleAudioSource.xml

CiscoMOHSourceReport.xml

Step#4 Download the moh files to a SFTP server

Use a command called “file get activelog mohprep/filename”to download above listed file(s).

example:

admin:file get activelog mohprep/ SampleAudioSource.alaw.wav
Enter SFTP server IP: 4.2.2.2 ← SFTP server IP
Enter SFTP username: test
Enter SFTP password: test

Thats all, your file is transferred to the FTP Server and you can use GUI interface to put the file to a new/other call manager publisher.

————————snippet————–

admin:file list activelog mohprep/*
CiscoMOHSourceReport.xml                SampleAudioSource.alaw.wav
SampleAudioSource.g729.wav              SampleAudioSource.ulaw.wav
SampleAudioSource.wb.wav                SampleAudioSource.xml
dir count = 0, file count = 6
admin:
admin:
admin:file list activelog mohprep/*
CiscoMOHSourceReport.xml                SampleAudioSource.alaw.wav
SampleAudioSource.g729.wav              SampleAudioSource.ulaw.wav
SampleAudioSource.wb.wav                SampleAudioSource.xml
dir count = 0, file count = 6
admin:
admin:file get
file get activelog
file get inactivelog
file get install
file get tftp

admin:file get active
admin:file get activelog ?
Syntax:
file get activelog file-spec [options]
file-spec   mandatory   file to transfer
options     optional    reltime months|weeks|days|hours|minutes timevalue
abstime hh:mm:MM/DD/YY hh:mm:MM/DD/YY
match regex
recurs

admin:file get activelog mohprep/SampleAudioSource.xml
Please wait while the system is gathering files info …done.
Sub-directories were not traversed.
Number of files affected: 1
Total size in Bytes: 606
Total size in Kbytes: 0.5917969
Would you like to proceed [y/n]? y
SFTP server IP: 172.16.16.111
SFTP server port [22]:
User ID: push
Password: ********
Download directory: /home/push

This is the script when you add moh file and that gets replicated to all nodes:

[root@ccm5 bin]# more moh_do_backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
# moh_do_backup.sh script will make a tar ball for backup targets
#
# SYNOPSIS
# moh_do_backup.sh <log path> <status file path> <target node>
#

#
# Checking parameters
#
if [ $# -lt 3 ]
then
echo “Usage: $0 <log path> <status file path> <target node>”
exit 1
fi

LOGFILE=$1
STATUS_FILE=$2
NODE=$3

echo “0″  > $STATUS_FILE

echo “Starting MOH backup” >> ${LOGFILE}

sudo -u root /bin/tar cvfpP – /usr/local/cm/sftp/mohprep/* 2>>${LOGFILE} | sudo
-u drfuser ssh drfuser@${NODE}

RESULT=$?

if [ $RESULT -gt 0 ]
then
echo “MOH: Backup failed ($RESULT)”  >> ${LOGFILE}
exit 106
fi

#
# update status file to 100%
#
echo “100″ > $STATUS_FILE

echo “MOH: Finished backup” >> ${LOGFILE}
exit 0

[root@ccm5 bin]#
[root@ccm5 bin]#
—————————–end of snippetts——————-

Push

CCIE voice#21569
blog: pushkarbhatkoti.wordpress.com

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